What are the causes of sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a possibly impairing ailment of the mind and spinal cord (focal sensory system).

In Multiple Sclerosis, the insusceptible framework assaults the defensive sheath (myelin) that spreads nerve strands and causes correspondence issues between your mind and the remainder of your body. In the long run, the disease can cause lasting harm or weakening of the nerves.

Symptoms:

Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms may differ greatly from person to person and over the course of the disease depending on the location of affected nerve fibers. Symptoms often affect movement, such as:

• Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side of your body at a time, or the legs and trunk
• Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign)
• Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait

Causes:

The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It's considered an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. In the case of MS, this immune system malfunction destroys the fatty substance that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord (myelin).

Myelin can be compared to the insulation coating on electrical wires. When the protective myelin is damaged and nerve fiber is exposed, the messages that travel along that nerve may be slowed or blocked. The nerve may also become damaged itself.

It isn't clear why MS develops in some people and not others. A combination of genetics and environmental factors appears to be responsible.

If you have persistent signs and symptoms that concern you please visit:

Best Neurosurgeon in Delhi | Best Neurosurgeon in Bangalore |

Best Neurosurgeon in Mumbai

What are some symptoms of epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which mind action winds up irregular, causing seizures or times of uncommon conduct, sensations, and now and again the loss of mindfulness.

Epilepsy Treatment with prescriptions or now and then surgery can control seizures for most of the individuals. A few people require deep-rooted treatment to control seizures, however for other people, the seizures in the long run leave. A few youngsters with epilepsy may exceed the condition with age.

Symptoms of Epilepsy:

Since epilepsy is brought about by irregular movement in the brain, seizures can influence any procedure your mind facilitates. Seizure signs and manifestations may include:

• Transitory disarray
• A gazing spell
• Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
• Loss of cognizance or mindfulness
• Psychic side effects, for example, dread, tension or this feels familiar

Side effects differ contingent upon the sort of seizure. As a rule, an individual with epilepsy will, in general, have a similar sort of seizure each time, so the indications will be comparative from scene to scene.

Specialists by and large group seizures as either central or summed up, in view of how the strange mind action starts.

If you have persistent signs and symptoms that concern you please make an appointment:

Best Neurosurgeon in Bangalore | Best Neurosurgeon in Delhi

• 
  

What is the best treatment for Parkinson's?

Parkinson's disease is a long term degenerative disease which influences the central nervous system. Until today, there is no remedy for the condition, yet there are medicines and treatments accessible to address a portion of the signs and improve the life of patients.

Drugs and therapies used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease:

Increasing dopamine levels        

The symptoms of PD are mainly due to low levels of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a chemical messenger or neurotransmitter. Most drugs for the condition aim to either replenish dopamine levels or mimic its action. These are called dopaminergic drugs.

Dopaminergic medications can:

·         reduce rigidity and muscle stiffness

·         improve the speed of movement

·         help with coordination

·         lessen tremor

Levodopa

Levodopa is the most effective medication for PD. Nerve cells in the brain absorb the drug and turn it into dopamine.

The person will take levodopa orally in either tablet or liquid form.

Its side effects include:

·         nausea

·         vomiting

·         fatigue

·         dizziness

Carbidopa-levodopa

This combination drug, which is available under the brand name Sinemet, contains both carbidopa and levodopa.

Carbidopa prevents the destruction of levodopa by enzymes in the digestive tract and reduces some of its side effects, including nausea.

As Parkinson's disease progresses, long-term treatment with levodopa may become less effective.

The doctor may have to change the dosage by amending the size or frequency of the doses. However, the individual will need to continue using the drug because stopping it suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms.

The side effects of this combination drug may include:

·         mental disturbances, such as confusion, delusions, and hallucinations

·         involuntary movements, such as jerking or twisting

People taking this drug may also have a higher risk of liver, kidney, and cardiovascular problems and be more likely to develop glaucoma.

The long-term use of levodopa, either alone or in combination with carbidopa, increases the risk of:

·         fluctuating motor responses

·         uncontrolled, involuntary movements known as dyskinesia

For this reason, a doctor may prescribe a dopamine agonist instead.

Dopamine agonists

These drugs mimic the effects of dopamine in the brain. The neurons react to them as they would to dopamine.

Dopamine agonists can be a good alternative to levodopa as they have a lower risk of long-term complications.

However, they can have similar side effects to carbidopa-levodopa.

The side effects may include:

·         mental confusion

·         nausea

·         low blood pressure

·         sleepiness

·         muscle cramps

Dopamine agonists may not be suitable for people with a history of cardiovascular disease, depression, or psychosis.

Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors)

MAO-B inhibitors are another alternative to levodopa. Examples include selegiline and rasagiline.

These drugs work by blocking the effects of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), which destroys dopamine in the brain. Blocking MAO-B allows the dopamine to last for longer in this organ.

MAO-B inhibitors have a less significant effect than levodopa, but it is possible to take them together with levodopa or dopamine agonists.

There is a risk that MAO-B inhibitors will have adverse interactions with some depression medications and certain narcotics. They also have some side effects, including:

·         dizziness

·         headache

·         stomach pain

·         vivid dreams

·         fever

·         conjunctivitis

Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors

This type of medication blocks COMT, an enzyme that breaks down levodopa. By doing this, it can prolong the effect of carbidopa-levodopa therapy.

Anticholinergics

These medications control tremor. Examples include trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine (Cogentin).

However, some people prefer not to use these drugs because of the side effects, which can include:

·         urine retention, especially in people with an enlarged prostate

·         severe constipation

·         nausea

·         Depression, psychosis, and dementia

Depression is a common problem for people with PD.

The Neurosurgeons recommend amitriptyline for treating depression, stating that there is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of other treatments.

Psychosis can also occur, and this becomes more severe as the disease progresses. Clozapine (Clozaril) can treat psychosis, but doctors should monitor the person carefully as this medication can have severe adverse effects.

Dementia develops over time in many people with PD, especially if they have PD with Lewy bodies.

If you are looking for treatment then please visit:

Best Neurosurgeon in Mumbai | Best Neurosurgeon in Delhi |

Best Neurosurgeon in Bangalore

What is colostomy? Why is it performed in ovarian cancer surgery?

A colostomy is a surgery that brings one end of the internal organ out through the stomach divider. During this method, one end of the colon is redirected through an entry point in the stomach divider to make a stoma.

A stoma is the opening in the skin where a pocket for gathering dung is joined. Individuals with impermanent or long haul colostomies have pockets appended to their sides where excrement gathers and can be effectively discarded.

Why a Colostomy Is Performed

Colostomies are performed because of problems with the lower bowel. Some problems can be corrected by temporarily diverting stool away from the bowel. This is when temporary colostomies are used to keep stool out of the colon.

If the colon becomes diseased, as in the case of colon cancer, permanent colostomies are performed and the colon may be removed completely.

Conditions in which you may need a permanent colostomy to include:

·         a blockage

·         an injury

·         Crohn’s disease, which is an autoimmune form of inflammatory bowel disease

·         colorectal cancer

·         colonic polyps, which is extra tissue growing inside the colon that may be cancer or may turn into cancer

·         diverticulitis, which occurs when small pouches in your digestive system, called diverticula, become infected or inflamed.

If you are looking for the best nearby you find here:

Best Gastroenterologist in Bangalore | Best Gastroenterologist in Hyderabad| Best Gastroenterologist in Delhi

What is an inguinal hernia?

An inguinal hernia happens when tissue, for example, some portion of the digestive tract, distends through a weak spot in the muscular strength. The subsequent lump can be painful, particularly when you cough, twist around or lift a heavy article.

An inguinal hernia isn't really dangerous. It doesn't enhance its own, be that as it may, and can prompt to life-threatening complications. Your specialist is probably going to prescribe the medical procedure to fix an inguinal hernia that is agonizing or broadening. Inguinal hernia fix is a typical surgery.

Symptoms

Inguinal hernia signs and side effects include:

·         A lump in the region on either side of your pubic bone, which turns out to be progressively clear when you're upstanding, particularly on the off chance that you hack or strain

·         A consuming or hurting sensation at the lump

·         Pain or distress in your crotch, particularly when twisting around, hacking or lifting

·         A substantial or hauling sensation in your crotch

·         Shortcoming or weight in your crotch

·         Occasionally, pain and swelling around the gonads when the projecting digestive system plummets into the scrotum.

If you want some more information regarding this treatment then please visit: Best gastroenterologist in Bangalore | Best gastroenterologist in Mumbai 

Why is blood in urine a sign of bladder cancer?

Much of the time, blood in the urine (called hematuria) is the main sign of bladder cancer. There might be sufficient blood to change the color of the urine to orange, pink, or, less frequently, dim red.

Here and there, the color of the urine is typical however modest quantities of blood are discovered when a urine test (urinalysis) is done.

Blood might be available one day and missing another day, with the urine staying clear for quite a long time or even months. In any case, if an individual has bladder malignant growth, eventually the blood returns. So it’s better to go for bladder cancer surgery before it gets too late.

Make an appointment if you have any of these other symptoms:

·         You urinate more often than usual.

·         Your urine changes color.

·         It hurts or burns when you urinate.

·         You feel like you have to urinate- even if your bladder is not full.

·         You can’t pee, or you pee very little.

Apollo is gifted with the best gastroenterologist doctors who performed the number of operations with the best results. They have the proven records for their treatments they have undergone.

If you are looking for the best gastroenterologist near you find here:

Best Gastroenterologist in Delhi | Best Gastroenterologist in Bangalore 
|Best Gastroenterologist in Hyderabad

What are the different types of eye surgery?

Wearing contacts and glasses can be bulky for certain individuals, and can negatively affect their dynamic ways of life. Numerous individuals are assuming responsibility for their vision in a progressively perpetual manner.

Eye masters have made extraordinary headways in vision amendment medical procedure, otherwise called refractive and laser eye surgery, lately.

Types of Eye Surgery:

• LASIK (laser in-situ keratomileusis)

This medical procedure reshapes the hidden corneal tissue to concentrate light into the eye and achieve the retina. This technique is perfect for patients who are partially blind, farsighted or have astigmatism. The strategy requires accuracy, and headways in PC imaging innovation enable LASIK pros to make nitty gritty corneal pictures and guide the treatment.

• PRK (photorefractive keratectomy)

PRK is a method that uses a laser to reshape the cornea. In contrast to LASIK, PRK just reshapes the outside of the cornea. It's optimal for mellow to direct partial blindness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. PRK can likewise work with PC imaging innovation.

• LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis)

This technique is a slight variety of PRK. The specialist will make a fold where epithelial cells are extricated by applying a liquor arrangement. At that point, a laser reshapes the cornea and the fold is set and verified with a delicate contact focal point so it can recuperate around the rectification. LASEK treats partial blindness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

• ALK (robotized lamellar keratoplasty)

ALK can help individuals with serious myopia and few dimensions of farsightedness, in spite of the fact that LASIK has everything except supplanted ALK as a strategy for redress. For this technique, an eye expert makes a fold in the cornea to get to the hidden tissue. No laser is utilized, and rather, the specialist makes a cut in the sub-layer of the cornea to reshape and address vision.

• RLE (refractive focal point trade).

RLE is a methodology for amending waterfalls. The specialist makes a little entry point to expel the characteristic focal point of the eye on the edge of the cornea. The focal point is supplanted with a silicone or plastic focal point. This method is otherwise called CLE (clear focal point extraction) or RLR (refractive focal point substitution) and can be utilized to address serious farsightedness or partial blindness.

• EpiLasik

The EpiLasik methodology is fundamentally the same as PRK. The specialist isolates a dainty layer of the cornea and after that reshapes it. The layer may either be evacuated or supplanted. The specialist completes the strategy by applying a delicate contact focal point to ensure the zone until it can completely recuperate.

If you want some more information then please visit:

Best Eye Surgeons in Bangalore | Best Eye Surgeons in Mumbai | Best Eye Surgeons in Hyderabad