What should I expect after a breast cancer diagnosis, including breast cancer stages and treatments?

At the point when a lady finds an unusual mass on assessment or an irregular region is identified by screening mammograms, a cautious history and physical assessment ought to be done. An exhaustive physical assessment of the breast ought to be finished by a specialist. Here's a rundown of restorative strategies through which, determination for breast cancer is attempted.

IMAGING

Computerized MAMMOGRAPHY

Computerized mammography is the best screening device to recognize breast cancer. At APCC, we utilize progressed computerized innovation and low-portion radiation for your wellbeing. Our radiologists can control the size, direction, splendor, and complexity of the pictures to improve the breast assessment. They likewise use Computer-Aided Detection while auditing a mammogram, which causes them to recognize malignancy at prior stages when it is generally treatable.

3-D MAMMOGRAPHY

3-D mammography takes numerous pictures of breast tissue to reproduce a 3-D picture, giving your primary care physician a more clear picture of breast masses. Ladies with thick breast tissue may profit by 3-D mammography.

Breast MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

An MRI assists doctors with assessing the degree of known breast malignancy, screen high-hazard patients and further assess territories of concern found by mammogram, ultrasound or during physical assessment.

Bosom ULTRASOUND

Ultrasound utilizes sound waves to take pictures of the breast.

Advanced PATHOLOGY

Fine needle biopsy permits your doctor to pull back a limited quantity of liquid or tissue for examination utilizing a fine, empty needle.

Center biopsy permits your doctor to get a tissue test for examination utilizing a wedge needle. Your PCP may lead an ultrasound-guided biopsy or stereotactic biopsy, which utilizes mammography to envision the irregularity.

Blood tests, including a Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum tumor markers, measure the measure of specific substances discharged into the blood by organs, tissues or tumor cells in the body.

If you want some more information then I would recommend you to please visit: Apollo Proton Cancer Centre

How many types of tiles are used in India? What is their specification?

As you have asked there are 10 types of tiles used in India to decorate your homes. Here are the specifications:

1. Travertine

Travertine is a sort of limestone that is a result of regular artesian springs, underground aquifers, and caverns from around the globe. A characteristic, permeable stone, its pits, and harsh surface are brought about via air pockets and natural issues, and this is the thing that gives travertine tiles, for example, differing hues.

2. Ceramic

Ceramic tiles are made from dirt materials that are quarried, arranged, and afterward framed into a form. They can be best portrayed as either porcelain or non-porcelain.

Porcelain tiles are frequently expelled and have fewer debasements than non-porcelain artistic tiles. Porcelain dirt is denser and less permeable than fired muds, making porcelain tile more earnestly and more impenetrable to dampness than artistic tile. It's viewed as progressively sturdy and more qualified for substantial utilization.

3. Marble

Marble is an exceptionally solid stone that exists in pretty much every shading because of the inconstancy of part minerals. Marble tiles have different completions from cleaned to sharpened and brushed to tumbled, settling on marble a perfect decision for any room in your home.

4. Slate

Slate is a changeable stone that can be found in enormous stores everywhere throughout the world. Utilized in a deck for quite a long time, it arrives in a scope of hues, for example, blue/dim, green, red, orange, or dark-colored. There are regularly veins of hues running all through the tile, which means no tile is indistinguishable.

5. Fake wood

Fake wood is the most sultry new pattern in tiles, offering the characteristic excellence of wood together with the solidness of tile. While tiles present as wood, they're really clay and accompany the advantages of being tougher than hardwood, more water-safe, and liberated from termite chance. Fake wood requires next to no upkeep and offers boundless plan potential outcomes.

6. Rock

Stone is a kind of volcanic stone that is extremely thick and hard. Its unmistakable appearance is because of spotted minerals found inside the stone, and its remarkable veining implies no two rock floors are the equivalent.

7. Quartzite

Quartzite is a strong, non-slip, and appealing stone that is one of the most well-known decisions of tile for the home. Quartzite can make a great option in contrast to clearing in pool encompasses, garages, and ways, and sharpened for a smooth completion, quartzite tiles make a fantastic expansion as the kitchen tiles. Quartzite can likewise be crystallized and fixed with a darker shade to accomplish a dim marble-like completion.

8. Mosaic

Mosaic tiles are one of the most famous decisions for beautiful tiles or for making an element. Comprising of little tiles, regularly square, mosaic tiles are laid together to make a bigger impact for a high visual effect. Mosaic tiles can be made of differing materials, with stone, glass, and clay is the most generally utilized.

9. Sandstone

Sandstone has a superbly gritty intrigue and arrives in a scope of hues, sizes, and styles. Perfect for pool environment, walkways and porches, sandstone gives yours outside a rich, common feel.

10. Terrazzo

Terrazzo is a composite material, comprising of marble, quartz, rock, glass, and other appropriate chips. It's restored, ground, and afterward cleaned to a smooth surface. Regularly utilized in open structures since it's dependable, it tends to be resurfaced over and again guaranteeing it remains looking new. It is very dangerous, however, so it may not be a decent decision for the family home.

What are the differences between ceramic tiles and vetrified tiles?

Formed and warmed to very high temperatures, ceramic tiles are made utilizing a blend of dirt, minerals, and solvents.

Accessible in both coated and non-coated renditions, these tiles come in both standard and modified shapes and sizes.

Ceramic tiles are impervious to drive, recolor, water assimilation, a power which as a rule makes it suggested for restrooms.

A ceramic tile with very low porosity is known as a Vitrified tile. These tiles are made by a procedure called "vitrification" by blending 40 % mud with 60% silica. These are enduring, low upkeep scratch and scraped area safe tiles which make them the best choice for corporate structures and homes.

The distinction in Composition:

Vitrified Tiles comprise of 40 % earth and 60% silica

Ceramic Tiles are produced utilizing earthen mud

The distinction in Texture:

Vitrified Tiles are known for their smooth and reflexive surface

Ceramic Tiles come up short on the shiny look. They have a relatively harsh surface

The distinction in Strength:

Vitrified Tiles, because of the procedure of vitrification, are more grounded when contrasted with fired ones

Ceramic Tiles are more fragile

The distinction in Water Absorption:

Vitrified Tiles ingest exceptionally less water which settles on them a favored deck decision

Ceramic Tiles ingest more water when contrasted with Vitrified

The distinction in Characteristics:

Vitrified tiles are known to be durable and more scratch, scraped area and stain safe

Ceramic Tiles have lower scratch, stain and scraped spot obstruction

The distinction in Installation:

Vitrified Tiles are similarly hard to introduce

Ceramic Tiles are simpler to introduce

Before choosing tiles, settle on sure you settle on an educated choice. To investigate stunning tile assortments, visit: Somany Ceramics

What are the types of kitchen sink faucet?

Truly, remembering the most fundamental kinds of kitchen faucets may help you a serious arrangement in lodging. Particularly since the kitchen is a space of urgent effect in propelling living conditions.

5 Most Popular Types of Kitchen Faucets :

1. Pull-down faucet

Pull-down faucet is known as the most mainstream kind of kitchen faucet these days. Its most critical differentiation is a goose-neck gush, being wound around by the leader of the hose as an expansion.

Managing a major heap of dishes and pots while keeping the sink flawlessly clean is constantly a test. That is the reason all the most ideal drawdown fixtures attempt to best use the involvement in the extendable spout by receiving the long hose and oneself withdraw sprayhead.

2. Pull-out faucet

The pull-out faucet works precisely as how it was named – it accompanies a separable handle that can really be pulled out.

This style faucet likewise permits you to evacuate the faucet head and drag it to the same number of spots as you like. It accompanies a lot of closeness to pull-down fixture, however, there are still contrasts specifically attributes to be separated.

Fundamentally, the shower hose will arrive in a straight line towards you, and not downwards similarly as with the drawdown faucet. This component will give you the opportunity to uproot it among sinks and ledge all quiet.

3. Single-handle faucet

Single-handle spigot is hands-down the most well-known fixture type you can discover there. This fixture style has been recognizable available under numerous setups, for example, ball, earthenware plate or cartridge.

4. Twofold handle faucet

This twofold handle faucet frequently sticks to utility sinks essentially as a result of independent associations and guidelines for hot and cold water stream. It works practically correspondingly to the next 'single' man, yet you see, two may be superior to one in specific cases.

Twofold handle sensor faucet is accessible both as pressure washers and cartridge fixtures. To just chop it down between these two: You have your choices here between fixing down the switch or just easily moving the handle to kill the water.

5. Without hands/movement identify faucet

The choice sans hands fixtures convey an entire diverse degree of accommodation, yet additionally a spectacular appearance. Ideal for the individuals who put impression first with regards to house adorning.

To be completely forthright, fitting your needs ought to perpetually be the top need in lodging. As meet up, solidness and unwavering quality are not special cases either with regards to kinds of kitchen faucets.

What are the types of flooring?

Choosing to the floor is a critical choice — that is a major surface region you're attempting to cover and what you pick will majorly affect the look, feel and utilization of each room in your home.

To make you go here's an initially brisk manual for the numerous kinds of the ground surface.

Laminate Flooring

Pros: Sturdy cover development opposes distorting; extreme plastic wear layer disregards scrapes and scratches; can mirror practically some other sort of ground surface (wood, artistic tile); can be introduced over some current floor materials; the establishment is DIY-accommodating.

Cons: Super-hard surface feels fake; can be dangerous when wet; can't be resurfaced.

Hardwood Flooring

Pros: It's excellent, a warm, durable ground surface goes with any style. A strong wood deck can be resurfaced on various occasions.

Cons: Hardwood flooring is powerless to dampness — it's not for bathroom tiles flooring, pantries, and storm cellars. It requires steady upkeep to hold its looks.

Vinyl Flooring

Pros: Tough vinyl flooring is impenetrable to water and its versatile development feels great underneath. It's moderately economical. Vinyl board ground surface can mirror genuine wood and tile.

Cons: Vinyl can't exactly shake that manufactured look. Vinyl flooring producing isn't ecofriendly.

Bamboo Flooring

Pros: Although not so much a wood flooring (bamboo is a grass), bamboo flooring has comparative warmth and magnificence. It's a hard deck however search for the best quality to guarantee sturdiness. As a grass, bamboo is a sustainable asset and has some green believability.

Cons: The less expensive assortments are inclined to marks and scratches. It's imported from Asia, so it's green validity endures a shot when you consider the vitality required to deliver it.

Artistic Tile Flooring

Pros: Ceramic tile flooring arrives in a tremendous exhibit of hues and styles — it's an architect's preferred medium. Coated clay tile flooring is sturdy, impenetrable to dampness and opposes stains and scratches.

Cons: The hardness of artistic tile underneath isn't just as everyone would prefer. Grout lines require consistent upkeep.

Plug Flooring

Pros: It's a sustainable asset that is reaped from trees, so stopper is an eco-friendly flooring. It has a warm, dynamic look and is normally flexible, so it feels great underneath. It comes as tiles or boards for DIY establishment.

Cons: Sharp articles can tear it and high heels may imprint it, and it should be resurfaced with sealers all the time. It's powerless to dampness, so keep it out of restrooms and pantries.

Tile Flooring

Pros: Linoleum flooring is made with biodegradable materials including plug powder and linseed oil. It creates no unsafe VOCs and is an eco-friendly decision. It's an extreme ground surface that opposes stains and wears, and it comes in numerous dynamic hues.

Cons: It can be imprinted by high heels and furniture legs, and it can turn yellowish if more than once presented to daylight. It's powerless to inordinate dampness, so it's not suggested for pantries and restrooms.

Elastic Flooring

Pros: Rubber deck comes in numerous styles and hues. It's made in sheets and DIY-accommodating tiles that fit together with interlocking edges. Its squares sound is dampness evidence and it's agreeable underneath.

Cons: It's not a very good quality look, and a few people are touchy to the smell of elastic

Built Wood Flooring

Pros: The overlay development of built wood flooring gives great security. The top facade is genuine wood thus has the entirety of wood's characteristic warmth and magnificence. It tends to be introduced in cellars, and the snap-together sort is DIY-accommodating. Assortments incorporate parquet flooring tiles.

Cons: The genuine wood surface of the designed wood deck may clearance, and it can't be restored more than once.

Different types of head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancer is the third most common malignancy globally and is prevalent mostly in Indian males. Research states that cases of head and neck cancer in India by the year 2020 will be around 218,421. People are not aware of this cancer and it mostly gets detected in the advanced stage. 

Some of the most common head and neck cancer types are:

a)Laryngeal cancer: Primarily found in the larynx, it’s located at the top of the windpipe and has the epiglottis, a small piece of tissue that moves to cover the larynx and prevents food from entering the windpipe. It’s mostly prevalent in smokers and drinkers, and the main symptoms are a persistent sore throat or ear pain.

b) Nasopharyngeal cancer: It starts in the upper part of the throat behind the nose and near the skull base. It's uncommon and detected at a later stage. It’s found above the roof of the mouth and the back of the nasal passage. The symptoms include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing.

c) Nasal cavity paranasal sinus cancer:  It’s a malignant tumor that’s uncommon and forms behind the nose, where air passes on its way to the throat and develops air-filled areas surrounding the nasal cavity. It develops in the sinus, and exposure to chemicals or dust at work increases the risk of developing this form of cancer. The symptoms sinus problems and nosebleeds. 

d) Salivary gland cancer: It’s uncommon and forms in the mouth including lips, the inside lining of the lips, cheeks, teeth, and gums, front of the tongue, floor and roof of the mouth. Exposure to radiations in the head and neck leads to this form of cancer. The symptoms are experiencing trouble in swallowing. 

e) Oral Cancer: Mainly formed in the mouth includes lips, cheeks, teeth, and gums. Tobacco and alcohol are the main reasons for this form of cancer. Most patients over 60 years old are susceptible to it.  

f) Oropharyngeal cancer: Primarily formed in the oropharynx, which is part of the throat behind the mouth. It’s found in the anatomical borders of the oropharynx and the majority of oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which arise from surface cells of the throat.

g) Hypopharyngeal cancer: Here malignant cells form in the squamous cells in the thin, flat cells lining the inside of the hypopharynx. It has 3 different areas and can be found in 1 or more of them. Heavy drinking and tobacco usage are risk factors.

 Head and neck cancer symptoms:

• Mouth Ulcer and lumps in neck, jaw, and mouth
• Difficulty in jaw movement and swallowing
• Ear Pain and white and red patches in the mouth
• Lump in the lips

·        

 Head and neck cancer treatments :

Surgeries are the most common methods of curing wherein cancerous tumors and surrounding healthy tissues are eliminated. The options are:

     ·   Laser technology

     ·     Excision

     ·     Reconstructive surgery

For instance, a prosthodontist can make an artificial dental or facial part to restore the ability to swallow and speak. Plus a speech pathologist treats patients can help patients relearn swallowing and communicating using new techniques and special types of equipment. 

Therefore head and neck cancers are highly preventable cancers and the general public needs to be informed,  especially the younger illiterate population about the adverse health consequences. Let’s strive to be a cancer-free country, a healthy country.

Side effects of Radiation Therapy

It’s a cancer type that utilizes high doses of radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. At low doses, radiation is used in x-rays to look inside the body. 

It’s a local treatment affecting that area of the body where the tumor is located and slows down the growth of cancer cells. This damage causes side effects. 

At high doses, radiation therapy kills cancer cells and slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged stop dividing or dying and when damaged cells die, they are broken down and eliminated by the body.

Radiation therapy doesn’t kill cancer cells immediately and takes days or weeks of treatment before the DNA is damaged for cancer cells to perish. Then, cancer cells keep dying for weeks and months after radiation therapy ends.

General side effects of radiation therapy:

Fatigue is the common side effect of radiation therapy and happens within a few weeks of therapy. During radiation, the body utilizes energy to heal itself and fatigue is prevalent when large areas of the body are treated. Apart from this radiation therapy in the bone marrow area such as pelvis causes anemia which in turn causes fatigue. And eating and sleeping problems worsen the condition.

Apart from fatigue, the other issue is skin problems which are common with external radiation therapy, as it travels through the skin to the targeted area for treatment. 

The skin turns red, dry, and itchy and changes color. Maximum reactions take place in the first 2 weeks of therapy and fade away a few weeks post-treatment. However, certain skin changes are permanent. 

Another side effect is hair loss or thinning, the extent of which is determined by the duration and permanent hair loss occurring in case of a higher dosage. When hair regrows in 3 to 6 months post-therapy, the color is different plus thin or patchy.

Now let’s understand the side effects based on specific body parts:-

Side effects of Head and neck cancer:

• Dry mouth and sore gums
• Swallowing difficulties and jaw stiffness
• Nausea and hair loss
• Tooth decay
• Hair loss

Side effects of Stomach and abdomen radiation:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea

Side effects of Brain radiation therapy:

• Fatigue
• Hair loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache and blurry vision

Side effects of breast radiation:

• Fatigue
• Hair loss and skin changes
• Swelling and tenderness

Healthy cells that get damaged during treatment recover in a few months post-treatment. While other side effects show up months or years after radiation therapy is completed, this is called late effects. The late effects depend on the part of the body that was treated, genetics and factors like smoking, etc.

Lifetime dose limits

Any radiation therapy has a certain limit that can be administered in a lifetime. Depending on the amount of radiation an area is treated with, you can’t have therapy a second time. However, if one area of the body has got a safe lifetime dosage, then another area can be treated if the distance between the two is large enough

Cost of radiation therapy

It’s expensive and complex machines are involved, plus several health care providers. However, the exact cost depends on the cost of healthcare, where one lives, the type of radiation therapy you get, etc.

Dietary guidelines

The side effects make it difficult to eat, nausea, mouth sores and throat problems. A lot of energy is used in radiation therapy; hence it’s important to consume adequate calories and protein to maintain one’s weight.