How is radiation therapy used to treat osteosarcoma?

Radiation therapy for osteosarcoma utilizes high-vitality X-beams to wreck carcinogenic cells and keep them from increasing and spreading. As a sort of limited treatment, radiation treatment is by and large suggested for treating bone malignancy that has not spread past its site of birthplace. It can likewise be utilized as a component of a complete treatment plan for malignant growths that have metastasized to different regions. Since osteosarcomas will, in general, be impervious to radiation treatment, this type of treatment is typically best when utilized in mix with different treatments – regardless of whether the tumors have spread.

At the point when radiation treatment is prompted for a patient with osteosarcoma, the most widely recognized structure suggested is external bar radiation treatment (EBRT), which is:

• Carefully arranged so it will infiltrate the patient's skin, tissues and organs to convey radiation to an unequivocally focused on disease site, which might be found profound inside their body while dodging whatever number solid tissues as would be prudent
• Conveyed by means of an outside machine called a straight quickening agent
• Tried during a reproduction session, in which a radiation oncologist positions the straight quickening agent and makes a blemish on the patient's body to distinguish the "treatment fields" where the high-vitality pillars will be coordinated
• Regulated in everyday medicines (Monday through Friday) throughout a little while
• Regularly quick and agony-free, albeit a few patients experience impermanent skin bothering over the span of treatment of bone cancer

What are the advantages and disadvantages of proton therapy?

Advantages of proton therapy:

• Next to zero radiation therapy behind the tumor
• Lower necessary portion per treatment
• Potential to bring down the danger of reactions
• May improve personal satisfaction during and after treatment

Disadvantages of proton therapy:

• Since proton treatment requires exceptionally particular and expensive gear, it isn't accessible in every therapeutic place
• It might cost more than x-beam radiation treatment. Protection supplier rules vary about which diseases are secured and how a lot of an individual needs to pay.
• Not all malignancies can be treated with proton treatment.

Different types of head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancer is the third most common malignancy globally and is prevalent mostly in Indian males. Research states that cases of head and neck cancer in India by the year 2020 will be around 218,421. People are not aware of this cancer and it mostly gets detected in the advanced stage. 

Some of the most common head and neck cancer types are:-

a)Laryngeal cancer: Primarily found in the larynx, it’s located at the top of the windpipe and has the epiglottis, a small piece of tissue that moves to cover the larynx and prevents food from entering the windpipe. It’s mostly prevalent in smokers and drinkers, and the main symptoms are a persistent sore throat or ear pain.

b) Nasopharyngeal cancer: It starts in the upper part of the throat behind the nose and near the skull base. It's uncommon and detected at a later stage. It’s found above the roof of the mouth and the back of the nasal passage. The symptoms include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing.

c) Nasal cavity paranasal sinus cancer:  It’s a malignant tumor that’s uncommon and forms behind the nose, where air passes on its way to the throat and develops air-filled areas surrounding the nasal cavity. It develops in the sinus, and exposure to chemicals or dust at work increases the risk of developing this form of cancer. The symptoms sinus problems and nosebleeds. 

d) Salivary gland cancer: It’s uncommon and forms in the mouth including lips, the inside lining of the lips, cheeks, teeth, and gums, front of the tongue, floor and roof of the mouth. Exposure to radiations in the head and neck leads to this form of cancer. The symptoms are experiencing trouble in swallowing. 

e) Oral Cancer: Mainly formed in the mouth includes lips, cheeks, teeth, and gums. Tobacco and alcohol are the main reasons for this form of cancer. Most patients over 60 years old are susceptible to it.  

f) Oropharyngeal cancer: Primarily formed in the oropharynx, which is part of the throat behind the mouth. It’s found in the anatomical borders of the oropharynx and the majority of oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which arise from surface cells of the throat.

g) Hypopharyngeal cancer: Here malignant cells form in the squamous cells in the thin, flat cells lining the inside of the hypopharynx. It has 3 different areas and can be found in 1 or more of them. Heavy drinking and tobacco usage are risk factors.

 Head and neck cancer symptoms

• Mouth Ulcer and lumps in neck, jaw, and mouth
• Pain in the face and neck
• Difficulty in jaw movement and swallowing
• Ear Pain and white and red patches in the mouth
• Lump in the lips
• Shaky teeth
• Nosebleeds, nasal congestion and sinus infections that don’t respond to treatment

Causes of head and neck cancers

       1)Tobacco

       2)Alcohol

Other factors that can raise risk factors are:-

• Prolonged sun exposure
• Human papillomavirus: Sexual activity with a person with HPV 
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): Exposure to EBV, which is more commonly known as the virus that causes mononucleosis or "mono," plays a role in the development of nasopharyngeal cancer
• Gender: The likelihood is two to three times more in men
• Age: People aged 40 and above are more susceptible 
• Poor oral and dental hygiene
• Environmental or occupational inhalants: Inhaling asbestos, wood dust, paint fumes
• Marijuana use

 Head and neck cancer treatments 

Surgeries are the most common methods of curing wherein cancerous tumors and surrounding healthy tissues are eliminated. The options are-

• Laser technology
• Excision

Reconstructive surgery

For instance, a prosthodontist can make an artificial dental or facial part to restore the ability to swallow and speak. Plus a speech pathologist treats patients can help patients relearn swallowing and communicating using new techniques and special equipment. 

Therefore head and neck cancers are highly preventable cancers and the general public needs to be informed,  especially the younger illiterate population about the adverse health consequences. Let’s strive to be a cancer-free country, a healthy country.

For the best head and neck cancer hospitals in India please visit: Apollo Proton Cancer Centre 

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

The prostate organ is an indispensable gear-tooth in the male regenerative framework; its essential task is the generation of original liquids that help secure and transport sperm. Cancer in the prostate is a generally happening type of disease, with a rising worldwide occurrence. 

Prostate cancer 

starts when sound cells change and multiply quickly. This prompts a tumor that could be either kindhearted or threatening.

Prostate malignant growth shows certain one of a kind quality – the development pace of prostate tumors is altogether more slow than on account of different diseases; additionally prostate tumors are less forceful as in they once in a while spread to different parts.

Skilled clinicians are significant in the treatment of prostate malignant growth on the grounds that there are times when the treatment system may cause more uneasiness than the malady itself; it gets basic to have specialists to choose when treatment ought to be sought after and when perception is sufficiently very. Personal satisfaction, post-treatment, is likewise a key zone of worry in prostate malignant growth – our group of oncologists like surgical and radiation oncologist and unified staff is pushing the envelope to guarantee the most extreme fix with the least symptoms.

PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTORS

Most men who create prostate cancer are over age 50, and around 2 out of each 3 prostate tumors are analyzed in men over age 65. The likelihood of African-American men being determined to have the illness is twice as much as Caucasian men.

A family ancestry of prostate cancer, particularly including close relatives, for example, father, sibling or child, builds your odds of building up the ailment. Another realized reason is an eating routine high in fats, especially creature fats. So as to bring down your danger of prostate cancer, one must diminish fat admission and utilization of red meat. An eating regimen wealthy in foods grown from the ground, standard exercise and a solid weight likewise helps bring down the danger of prostate cancer.

How does the radiation in proton therapy help treating cancer?

Radiation in proton therapy is one of the specific treatment conventions in malignancy care that includes the utilization of high-vitality particles – normally photons or progressive protons - to assault disease cells.

Disease spreads when influenced cells partition and multiply at a quick rate. Radiation treatment helps by separating the DNA inside these malignancy cells and murdering them, in this way stemming the spread. Dissimilar to other treatment structures like chemotherapy, which influence the entire body, radiation treatment targets just the influenced cells with accuracy.

Radiation Oncology

 is an advancing biological system with new progressive medicines rising continually? At APCC, we are the pioneers of front line Radiation Oncology, with the best of individuals and hardware to lift the benchmarks of value for malignant growth care.

WHEN IS RADIATION THERAPY IDEAL

TO CURE EARLY-STAGE CANCER

Radiation treatment is unmistakably fit to fix diseases which are amazingly delicate to radiation. Presentation to radiation bars shrivels these malignancies, or expels them totally. In beginning periods of malignant growth care, radiation is frequently used to supplement chemotherapy, or as a forerunner to the medical procedure.

BASIC ADJUNCT IN MULTI-MODAL THERAPY

Radiation treatment is utilized in blend with different types of treatment, similar to Medical or 

Surgical Oncology

, to assault malignant growth cells. Radiation can contract tumors before chemotherapy or medical procedure, or assault leftover harmful tissue after other treatment modalities have been utilized.

How is pediatric cancer diagnosed at its early stages?

Cancer is an undesirable enemy at any phase of life, yet it is particularly alarming when it's analyzed in children. 

Pediatric cancer 

presents two difficulties – first, the prompt objective of treating the disease without incapacitating the kid's long haul personal satisfaction and endurance. Second, since everyone has an alternate response to various medicines, some traditional treatment strategies may not work a similar path to each child.

Precise visualization requests that best in class diagnostics are utilized to settle on the sort and phase of the cancer. On account of pediatric cancer, a bunch factors assume a huge job during the time spent determination. The signs and symptoms of childhood cancer just as the early stage and ailment are assessed widely before any of coming up next is utilized to get clearness on the disease:

• Biopsy for histopathologic analysis
• Sub-atomic and cytogenetic assessments
• Imaging with CT, MRI and now and then with PET
• Lumbar Puncture, Bone marrow biopsy, and so forth might be done on a case and case premise.
• Neuro psych assessment, endocrine testing, scholarly testing, stature and weight assessment will be done on a case to case premise according to the CMT conventions

How is head and neck cancer diagnosed?

Head and Neck Cancers 

are among the commonest cancer in India. With more than 5,50,000 rates of Head and Neck cancer every year, we are as of now in the main not many as far as cases detailed. As much as 80 percent of the causation is ascribed to tobacco utilization, while 75 percent is because of liquor.

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey India, led in 2009-10, uncovered that 35% of grown-ups utilized tobacco. Tobacco-related cancer is relied upon to establish 30% of the complete disease trouble by 2020.

The diagnostic team runs a battery of tests to test for Head & Neck Cancers. We use the latest in multi-modal diagnostics to evaluate proton therapy for head and neck cancer treatment pathways and reach a prognosis that promises the highest efficacy.

• Physical exam, to check for lumps or abnormalities.
• Review of personal medical history, lifestyle factors and family history.
• Laboratory tests, including blood and urine tests

IMAGING STUDIES

• CT, MRI and PET scans
  , bone scan, X-ray and ultrasound, to look at specific areas of the head and neck
• Endoscopy, using a thin tube inserted through your nose or mouth to view areas of the head and neck
• Laryngoscopy, oesophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy, using a thin, lighted tube inserted down the throat to view the larynx, esophagus, trachea, and lungs.

PATHOLOGY

• Biopsy, to examine suspicious tissue.

If you are looking for the 

best head and neck cancer centers

 I would recommend you to visit Apollo Proton Cancer Centre.