What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

The prostate organ is an indispensable gear-tooth in the male regenerative framework; its essential task is the generation of original liquids that help secure and transport sperm. Cancer in the prostate is a generally happening type of disease, with a rising worldwide occurrence. 

Prostate cancer 

starts when sound cells change and multiply quickly. This prompts a tumor that could be either kindhearted or threatening.

Prostate malignant growth shows certain one of a kind quality – the development pace of prostate tumors is altogether more slow than on account of different diseases; additionally prostate tumors are less forceful as in they once in a while spread to different parts.

Skilled clinicians are significant in the treatment of prostate malignant growth on the grounds that there are times when the treatment system may cause more uneasiness than the malady itself; it gets basic to have specialists to choose when treatment ought to be sought after and when perception is sufficiently very. Personal satisfaction, post-treatment, is likewise a key zone of worry in prostate malignant growth – our group of oncologists like surgical and radiation oncologist and unified staff is pushing the envelope to guarantee the most extreme fix with the least symptoms.

PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTORS

Most men who create prostate cancer are over age 50, and around 2 out of each 3 prostate tumors are analyzed in men over age 65. The likelihood of African-American men being determined to have the illness is twice as much as Caucasian men.

A family ancestry of prostate cancer, particularly including close relatives, for example, father, sibling or child, builds your odds of building up the ailment. Another realized reason is an eating routine high in fats, especially creature fats. So as to bring down your danger of prostate cancer, one must diminish fat admission and utilization of red meat. An eating regimen wealthy in foods grown from the ground, standard exercise and a solid weight likewise helps bring down the danger of prostate cancer.

How does the radiation in proton therapy help treating cancer?

Radiation in proton therapy is one of the specific treatment conventions in malignancy care that includes the utilization of high-vitality particles – normally photons or progressive protons - to assault disease cells.

Disease spreads when influenced cells partition and multiply at a quick rate. Radiation treatment helps by separating the DNA inside these malignancy cells and murdering them, in this way stemming the spread. Dissimilar to other treatment structures like chemotherapy, which influence the entire body, radiation treatment targets just the influenced cells with accuracy.

Radiation Oncology

 is an advancing biological system with new progressive medicines rising continually? At APCC, we are the pioneers of front line Radiation Oncology, with the best of individuals and hardware to lift the benchmarks of value for malignant growth care.

WHEN IS RADIATION THERAPY IDEAL

TO CURE EARLY-STAGE CANCER

Radiation treatment is unmistakably fit to fix diseases which are amazingly delicate to radiation. Presentation to radiation bars shrivels these malignancies, or expels them totally. In beginning periods of malignant growth care, radiation is frequently used to supplement chemotherapy, or as a forerunner to the medical procedure.

BASIC ADJUNCT IN MULTI-MODAL THERAPY

Radiation treatment is utilized in blend with different types of treatment, similar to Medical or 

Surgical Oncology

, to assault malignant growth cells. Radiation can contract tumors before chemotherapy or medical procedure, or assault leftover harmful tissue after other treatment modalities have been utilized.

How is pediatric cancer diagnosed at its early stages?

Cancer is an undesirable enemy at any phase of life, yet it is particularly alarming when it's analyzed in children. 

Pediatric cancer 

presents two difficulties – first, the prompt objective of treating the disease without incapacitating the kid's long haul personal satisfaction and endurance. Second, since everyone has an alternate response to various medicines, some traditional treatment strategies may not work a similar path to each child.

Precise visualization requests that best in class diagnostics are utilized to settle on the sort and phase of the cancer. On account of pediatric cancer, a bunch factors assume a huge job during the time spent determination. The signs and symptoms of childhood cancer just as the early stage and ailment are assessed widely before any of coming up next is utilized to get clearness on the disease:

• Biopsy for histopathologic analysis
• Sub-atomic and cytogenetic assessments
• Imaging with CT, MRI and now and then with PET
• Lumbar Puncture, Bone marrow biopsy, and so forth might be done on a case and case premise.
• Neuro psych assessment, endocrine testing, scholarly testing, stature and weight assessment will be done on a case to case premise according to the CMT conventions

How is head and neck cancer diagnosed?

Head and Neck Cancers 

are among the commonest cancer in India. With more than 5,50,000 rates of Head and Neck cancer every year, we are as of now in the main not many as far as cases detailed. As much as 80 percent of the causation is ascribed to tobacco utilization, while 75 percent is because of liquor.

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey India, led in 2009-10, uncovered that 35% of grown-ups utilized tobacco. Tobacco-related cancer is relied upon to establish 30% of the complete disease trouble by 2020.

The diagnostic team runs a battery of tests to test for Head & Neck Cancers. We use the latest in multi-modal diagnostics to evaluate proton therapy for head and neck cancer treatment pathways and reach a prognosis that promises the highest efficacy.

• Physical exam, to check for lumps or abnormalities.
• Review of personal medical history, lifestyle factors and family history.
• Laboratory tests, including blood and urine tests

IMAGING STUDIES

• CT, MRI and PET scans
  , bone scan, X-ray and ultrasound, to look at specific areas of the head and neck
• Endoscopy, using a thin tube inserted through your nose or mouth to view areas of the head and neck
• Laryngoscopy, oesophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy, using a thin, lighted tube inserted down the throat to view the larynx, esophagus, trachea, and lungs.

PATHOLOGY

• Biopsy, to examine suspicious tissue.

If you are looking for the 

best head and neck cancer centers

 I would recommend you to visit Apollo Proton Cancer Centre.

How does proton therapy work?

Proton therapy

 utilizes a high energy proton bar for cancer treatment. Its game-changing viability in treating cancer has made it the apex of radiation treatment on the planet. Proton therapy treatment has introduced another worldview of clinical greatness and results in disease treatment. It gives focused on treatment and accuracy dissimilar to some other radiation treatment.

How does it work?

Exponential energization:-

Protons are quickened in a machine called the cyclotron which brings about the particles getting profoundly stimulated. Protons convey a charge and mass that is regularly higher than photons utilized in conventional radiation therapy.

Targeted bursts:-

The shaft at that point goes into the treatment room by means of the gantry. The 360-degree spinning gantry encourages conveyance from any point; empowering the proton bars to come to the most unpredictable and difficult to get to tumors.

Peak precision:-

The photons arrive at the focused on the region and delayed down adequately to discharge an eruption of vitality. Best in class Pencil Beam Scanning conveys the radiation measurements pixel by pixel, guaranteeing top exactness.

Minimum side-effects:-

In 

proton therapy treatment

, the speed of the protons is directed to guarantee the burst happens at the exact site of the tumor, limiting harm to solid tissue around it. These outcomes in insignificant reactions, quicker recuperation, and superior personal satisfaction.

What are the standard and new treatments of breast cancer?

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide & developed countries with a small proportion of the world population accounting for almost 50% of breast cancers diagnosed worldwide.

For women with stage IV breast cancer, systemic therapies are effective. Some of them are hormone therapy, chemotherapy & targeted drugs. Firstly systemic treatments continue till cancer starts growing again or until side effects become unacceptable. Here are some of the high priority of breast cancer treatments are discussed.

Hormone Therapy:

The first systemic therapy is hormone therapy wherein the breast is affected by hormones like estrogen & progesterone. The breast cancer cells have receptors that attach to estrogen & progesterone, which help them grow. Hormone or endocrine therapy are treatments that stop hormones from attaching to these receptors. Hormone therapy reaches cancer cells in the body & is good for women with tumors that are hormone receptor-positive. It’s used after surgery to prevent recurrence.

Chemotherapy:

Now we move onto chemotherapy for breast cancer, here anti-cancer drugs are given intravenously or orally. It travels through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells in the body. It’s given directly into the spinal fluid which surrounds the brain & spinal cord. So when is chemotherapy treatment used? It’s used after surgery wherein adjuvant chemo is given to perish cancer cells that have been left behind or have spread out & are invisible on imaging tests. Next is before surgery, wherein neoadjuvant chemo shrinks the tumor & is removed. It treats cancers that are too big to be removed and doctors can see how cancer responds to it. It lowers the risk of breast cancer coming back & incase tumor cells are still found at the time of surgery, another dose is given to reduce recurrence. The drugs used are adjuvant and neoadjuvant, anthracyclines like doxorubicin & epirubicin plus taxanes like paclitaxel & docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide.

Targeted Drugs:

Next, we onto Fulvestrant which is a drug that blocks & damages estrogen receptors. This drug acts as an anti-estrogen & is known as a selective estrogen receptor degrader & is used in post-menopausal women. It treats advanced breast cancer that’s not possible with other hormone therapies, to deal with 

advanced breast cancer treatment 

after other hormone drugs have stopped working, in combination with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor or PI3K inhibitor to treat metastatic breast cancer.

What is the most common head and neck cancer?

Ideally, cancers that are in the head and neck region begin in the squalors cells that line the moist, mucosal surfaces.

It begins in the salivary glands & has different types of cells that can become cancerous. Cancers of the head and neck are also subdivided by the area in which they start i.e. oral cavity, pharynx, larynx.

So most common types of head and neck cancer are:

• Laryngeal cancer:

Here malignant cells form in the tissues of the larynx. The reasons for developing this disease are because of tobacco products & excessive drinking.

Having said that some of the signs and symptoms include sore throat & ear pain, issues, tests that examine the throat and neck are used to diagnose laryngeal cancer. Now that we’ve discussed the symptoms, we must know the treatment of head and neck cancer:

-Radiation therapy

-Surgery

-Chemotherapy

-Immunotherapy

• Hypopharyngeal cancer:

Hypopharyngeal cancer in which malignant cells form in the tissues of the hypopharynx. It mostly forms in squalors cells, the thin flat cells lining the inside of the hypopharynx which has 3 different areas.

Cancer is found in one or more of these areas. It develops due to heavy drinking and consumption of tobacco products.

Treatment options available are:

-Radiation Therapy

-Surgery

-Chemotherapy

- Immunotherapy

-Targeted therapy

-Radio sensitizers

• Nasopharyngeal Cancer:

It’s a disease in which malignant cells form in tissues of the nasopharynx. The most evident symptom is trouble breathing, speaking or hearing. It starts in the squamous cells lining the nasopharynx.

In addition to:-

-Lump in the throat

- Sore throat

-Trouble breathing and speaking

-Trouble hearing

-Pain or ringing in the ear

-Headaches